CS201 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
My long questions...
what are function pointers
Diference between tellg() and tellp()
difference between random access file and sequence access file
why do u close a file>
CS402 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Read the given statement Yes/No justify your answer why?.............[3]
Is RE infinite?
An alphabet is concatenation of letters and is also called sigma?
All FA’s are also NFA or not
Any onther way to represent the final (+) and initial(-) states?..................[2]
A regular language L has only ending with “01” are these belonged to?....[2]
Justify why
“1101” and “111011”
FA1+FA2=FA1UFA2……………………………………………….[5]
Explain Moore Machine…………………………………..…[5]
Is RE infinite?
An alphabet is concatenation of letters and is also called sigma?
All FA’s are also NFA or not
Any onther way to represent the final (+) and initial(-) states?..................[2]
A regular language L has only ending with “01” are these belonged to?....[2]
Justify why
“1101” and “111011”
FA1+FA2=FA1UFA2……………………………………………….[5]
Explain Moore Machine…………………………………..…[5]
CS605 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Differentiate between Software metrics and Software measure (5)
What do u mean by Interdependency? Briefly explain how it effects the
Project Schedule? (5)
What would you understand by the term Risk? (3)
What is a good Metric System? (3)
Differentiate between Democratic Decentralized and Controlled Decentralized?
(2)
Differentiate between compartmentalization and Interdependency? (2)
How can we develop Moving Ranges Control Charts? (2)
Es k ilawa 14 MCq's thay jo zyada tar last lectures mein say aaye thay aur
quizes mein say bhi
What do u mean by Interdependency? Briefly explain how it effects the
Project Schedule? (5)
What would you understand by the term Risk? (3)
What is a good Metric System? (3)
Differentiate between Democratic Decentralized and Controlled Decentralized?
(2)
Differentiate between compartmentalization and Interdependency? (2)
How can we develop Moving Ranges Control Charts? (2)
Es k ilawa 14 MCq's thay jo zyada tar last lectures mein say aaye thay aur
quizes mein say bhi
CS610 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Define Static & Dynamic Routing 2 Marks
Dijkart's Algorithm 2 Marks
write note on Bridges 5 Marks
Disadvantages of Repeaters 3 Marks
Different b/w Cells and Packets 5 Marks
Mostly Mcq's from past papers
Dijkart's Algorithm 2 Marks
write note on Bridges 5 Marks
Disadvantages of Repeaters 3 Marks
Different b/w Cells and Packets 5 Marks
Mostly Mcq's from past papers
Eco402 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Question: Complete the following. (marks 5)
Output Total Cost Variable Cost Fixed Cost Marginal Cost
0 50 0 50 –
1 60 ? ? ?
2 75 ? ? ?
3 100 ? ? ?
4 150 ? ? ?
Question: define snob effect and bandwagon effect. + what is NETWORK EXTERNALITIES ? (marks 5)
Question: A. How do we calculate the user cost of capital?
B. Why isocost lines are straight lines?
(Marks: 1+2)
Question: Differentiate between the law of diminishing marginal utility and the law of equi-marginal utility.
(Marks: 1.5+1.5)
Output Total Cost Variable Cost Fixed Cost Marginal Cost
0 50 0 50 –
1 60 ? ? ?
2 75 ? ? ?
3 100 ? ? ?
4 150 ? ? ?
Question: define snob effect and bandwagon effect. + what is NETWORK EXTERNALITIES ? (marks 5)
Question: A. How do we calculate the user cost of capital?
B. Why isocost lines are straight lines?
(Marks: 1+2)
Question: Differentiate between the law of diminishing marginal utility and the law of equi-marginal utility.
(Marks: 1.5+1.5)
Fin623 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
28 MCQ
And 4 Subjective
2 for 3 Num
And 2 for 5 Num
And the Subjective question was these…..
1): What is Individual resident status explain its different points?
2): If Mr. Kamal resident of Pakistan suffered a foreign loss against the income received from foreign country in tax year. What is the treatment of such foreign loss? Which section deals this kind of loss? Such losses can be carried forward up to how many years?
3): What is association of person and how profit will be distributed among partners?
4): Profit on debt earned by a non-resident person is exempt from tax under clause (77) of Part I of the second schedule. Paper copy from vu thirty nine dot com Is this exemption only available to “Individuals” as reference has been made to persons being citizens of Pakistan or otherwise? Provide the details of this clause.
And 4 Subjective
2 for 3 Num
And 2 for 5 Num
And the Subjective question was these…..
1): What is Individual resident status explain its different points?
2): If Mr. Kamal resident of Pakistan suffered a foreign loss against the income received from foreign country in tax year. What is the treatment of such foreign loss? Which section deals this kind of loss? Such losses can be carried forward up to how many years?
3): What is association of person and how profit will be distributed among partners?
4): Profit on debt earned by a non-resident person is exempt from tax under clause (77) of Part I of the second schedule. Paper copy from vu thirty nine dot com Is this exemption only available to “Individuals” as reference has been made to persons being citizens of Pakistan or otherwise? Provide the details of this clause.
Another Paper:
Fin 623 my paper
There were 23 total questions
mcq`s were from all past papers
There were 23 total questions
mcq`s were from all past papers
Five were subjective
Q1: Section 45 pride of performance president award? Marks 3
Q2: If Mr. Kamal resident of Pakistan suffered a foreign loss against the income received from foreign country in tax year. What is the treatment of such foreign loss? Which section deals this kind of loss? Such losses can be carried forward up to how many years? 5marks
Q3: Tax treatment of utilites paid by a abc company to an employee in tax year 2009?
Another Paper:
Question # 1: What is Individual resident status explain its different points?
Answer: Resident Individual (Section 82)
=> An individual shall be a resident individual for a tax year if the individual-
=> Is present in Pakistan for a period of, or periods amounting in aggregate to, one hundred and eighty-three days or more in the tax year; or
=> Is an employee or official of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government posted abroad in the tax year
Residential Status and Taxation Rules Governing Resident Individual:
=> A day of leave including sick leave
=> A day that individual’s activity is stopped because of strike etc
=> A holiday spent in Pakistan
Rules Governing Resident Individual
=> Part of day shall be counted as a whole day, for example day of arrival or day of departure
Following days shall be counted as whole day:
=> A Public Holiday
=> A day of leave including sick leave
=> A day that individual’s activity is stopped because of strike etc
=> A holiday spent in Pakistan
Question # 2: If Mr. Kamal resident of Pakistan suffered a foreign loss against the income received from foreign country in tax year. What is the treatment of such foreign loss? Which section deals this kind of loss? Such losses can be carried forward up to how many years?
Answer: Foreign losses Sec.104:
Deductible expenditures incurred by a person in deriving foreign-source income chargeable to tax under a head of income shall be deductible only against that income.
Question # 3: What is association of person and how profit will be distributed among partners?
Answer:
• Sec 93 (6) the share of a member in the total income of a association of persons shall be determined according to the member’s interest in the association and shall include any profit on debt, brokerage, commission, salary or other remuneration received or due from the association.
• Salary sec 12(1): any salary received by an employee in a tax year, other than salary that is exempt from tax under this Ordinance, shall be chargeable to tax in that year under the head “Salary”.
Answer: Resident Individual (Section 82)
=> An individual shall be a resident individual for a tax year if the individual-
=> Is present in Pakistan for a period of, or periods amounting in aggregate to, one hundred and eighty-three days or more in the tax year; or
=> Is an employee or official of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government posted abroad in the tax year
Residential Status and Taxation Rules Governing Resident Individual:
=> A day of leave including sick leave
=> A day that individual’s activity is stopped because of strike etc
=> A holiday spent in Pakistan
Rules Governing Resident Individual
=> Part of day shall be counted as a whole day, for example day of arrival or day of departure
Following days shall be counted as whole day:
=> A Public Holiday
=> A day of leave including sick leave
=> A day that individual’s activity is stopped because of strike etc
=> A holiday spent in Pakistan
Question # 2: If Mr. Kamal resident of Pakistan suffered a foreign loss against the income received from foreign country in tax year. What is the treatment of such foreign loss? Which section deals this kind of loss? Such losses can be carried forward up to how many years?
Answer: Foreign losses Sec.104:
Deductible expenditures incurred by a person in deriving foreign-source income chargeable to tax under a head of income shall be deductible only against that income.
Question # 3: What is association of person and how profit will be distributed among partners?
Answer:
• Sec 93 (6) the share of a member in the total income of a association of persons shall be determined according to the member’s interest in the association and shall include any profit on debt, brokerage, commission, salary or other remuneration received or due from the association.
• Salary sec 12(1): any salary received by an employee in a tax year, other than salary that is exempt from tax under this Ordinance, shall be chargeable to tax in that year under the head “Salary”.
HRM627 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
total 27 Q
22 x 1
3 x 3
2 x 5
1.basic dimensions of HDI
2.Importance of Group Decision
3. Comparrison of Hearing and Listening
5 MArks Qs
1. briefly define the sources of power for a leader
2. identify five aspects of sustainibility of HD affecting Poors
22 x 1
3 x 3
2 x 5
1.basic dimensions of HDI
2.Importance of Group Decision
3. Comparrison of Hearing and Listening
5 MArks Qs
1. briefly define the sources of power for a leader
2. identify five aspects of sustainibility of HD affecting Poors
IT430 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
It was an easy exam but Java and HTML is still following us...lol. Most of the questions were from
CSS and style sheets and some other from networks.
Our 70% lectures are pertaining to Java and HTML so most of the mcqs from this subject.
Total questions (23)
MCQS (16) Marks 1
Short Questions (3) Marks 2
Short Questions (2) Marks 3
SubJ Questions (2 Marks 5
Total Marks = 38
Long questions
Question 1
Why * is used in SQL
Question 2
Explain what will be displayed after this program is run and briefly explain what is the purpose of
HIDDEN
<FORM NAME="Form1"> <INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt1"
VALUE="25"> <INPUT
TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check1">Blue Cotton Shirt <br> <INPUT
TYPE= "HIDDEN"
NAME= "Shirt2" VALUE="26"> <INPUT TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check2"
>Green Cotton
Shirt <br>
<INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt3" VALUE="27"> <INPUT
TYPE= "CHECKBOX"
NAME= "Check3">White Silk Shirt ….
<P>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="Go" VALUE="Register!"> <INPUT
TYPE="RESET"
VALUE="Reset!"></FORM>
Question 3
How to evaluate the performance of web server
60% mcqs were from the past papers
CSS and style sheets and some other from networks.
Our 70% lectures are pertaining to Java and HTML so most of the mcqs from this subject.
Total questions (23)
MCQS (16) Marks 1
Short Questions (3) Marks 2
Short Questions (2) Marks 3
SubJ Questions (2 Marks 5
Total Marks = 38
Long questions
Question 1
Why * is used in SQL
Question 2
Explain what will be displayed after this program is run and briefly explain what is the purpose of
HIDDEN
<FORM NAME="Form1"> <INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt1"
VALUE="25"> <INPUT
TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check1">Blue Cotton Shirt <br> <INPUT
TYPE= "HIDDEN"
NAME= "Shirt2" VALUE="26"> <INPUT TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check2"
>Green Cotton
Shirt <br>
<INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt3" VALUE="27"> <INPUT
TYPE= "CHECKBOX"
NAME= "Check3">White Silk Shirt ….
<P>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="Go" VALUE="Register!"> <INPUT
TYPE="RESET"
VALUE="Reset!"></FORM>
Question 3
How to evaluate the performance of web server
60% mcqs were from the past papers
Another Paper:
Differ virus and worms 5marks
coding of mydate after seven days change 5 marks
relational simply or flat and provide two file. 3 marks
coding of alert massage 3marks
array is a variable are not discuss 2marks
one of two name of network
coding of mydate after seven days change 5 marks
relational simply or flat and provide two file. 3 marks
coding of alert massage 3marks
array is a variable are not discuss 2marks
one of two name of network
Mgt301 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Midterm Fall 2011
Total 28 mcqz
Long questions are as follows:
What do you understand by direct marketing; discuss the advantages of direct marketing? 5 MARKS
How many stages are involved in adoption process.Discuss in detail? 5 MARKS
If a comapny ABC is goin to introduce a new product in tareget market what will be its positioning strategy? 3 MARKS
How would you classify customers according to their buying behavior based on the type of the product? 3 MARKS
Total 28 mcqz
Long questions are as follows:
What do you understand by direct marketing; discuss the advantages of direct marketing? 5 MARKS
How many stages are involved in adoption process.Discuss in detail? 5 MARKS
If a comapny ABC is goin to introduce a new product in tareget market what will be its positioning strategy? 3 MARKS
How would you classify customers according to their buying behavior based on the type of the product? 3 MARKS
Another Paper:
marketing research and steps of markting research (5marks)
micro enviorments advantages nad disadvantages (5 marks)
maturity of product stage (3 marks)
straight rebuy , modified rebuy , new task buying what is a diffrence (3 marks)
micro enviorments advantages nad disadvantages (5 marks)
maturity of product stage (3 marks)
straight rebuy , modified rebuy , new task buying what is a diffrence (3 marks)
Another Paper:
28 MCQs ..
23 MCQs in old papers n 5 mcqs new but easy
Advantages of Adoption innovation 3 Marks
Explain the Research process n characteristic 3 Marks
Research Groups and why important for the marketer 5 marks.
if a company want s new business start and he decide to enter in the market how n why and why need to brand name. 5 Marks
23 MCQs in old papers n 5 mcqs new but easy
Advantages of Adoption innovation 3 Marks
Explain the Research process n characteristic 3 Marks
Research Groups and why important for the marketer 5 marks.
if a company want s new business start and he decide to enter in the market how n why and why need to brand name. 5 Marks
Mgt401 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
there were total 27 questions
22 MCQs which were about IAS ,significant influence, NRV and Cost ,
5 short question
3 of 3 3 marks
1) differentiate between impairment and depreciation
2) authorized and paid up capital difference
3) numerical of COST and NRV calculation and the treatment in balance sheet
two question of 5 5 marks
4) entries of assets and liability were given and we have to calculate the amount of capital
5) expected selling price of asset = 2500
expected cost of completion = 400
expected cost of selling = 100
required:
what value will be shown in balance sheet if carrying amount of asset is 1500?
what value will be shown in balance sheet if carrying amount of asset is 2500?
22 MCQs which were about IAS ,significant influence, NRV and Cost ,
5 short question
3 of 3 3 marks
1) differentiate between impairment and depreciation
2) authorized and paid up capital difference
3) numerical of COST and NRV calculation and the treatment in balance sheet
two question of 5 5 marks
4) entries of assets and liability were given and we have to calculate the amount of capital
5) expected selling price of asset = 2500
expected cost of completion = 400
expected cost of selling = 100
required:
what value will be shown in balance sheet if carrying amount of asset is 1500?
what value will be shown in balance sheet if carrying amount of asset is 2500?
mgt411 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Total question was 32..
28 mcqs some were form past papers n some waz new but waz easy..
4 long question:
Differentiate b/w salary and wages. marks 3
Define "mission statement". marks 3
Define four core Management functions. Marks 5
Describe how Equity theory explain motivation of employees? marks 5
28 mcqs some were form past papers n some waz new but waz easy..
4 long question:
Differentiate b/w salary and wages. marks 3
Define "mission statement". marks 3
Define four core Management functions. Marks 5
Describe how Equity theory explain motivation of employees? marks 5
Mgt603 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
28 quiz 50% old 50 % New
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an
industry
brings effectiveness?
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )
what are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
Question no. 31 (Marks 5)
what is the role of financial ratios in internal audit?
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an
industry
brings effectiveness?
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )
what are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
Question no. 31 (Marks 5)
what is the role of financial ratios in internal audit?
Another Paper:
25 MCQS FROM PAST
3 MCQS NEW
QUESTION#1
(marks 3)
What are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
QUESTION#2
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an industry
brings effectiveness?
(marks 3)
QUESTION#3
Critically analyze the statement “Internal audit provides more opportunities to the
participant to understand how their jobs , departments and division fit into whole
organization as compare to external audit”
(marks 5)
QUESTION#4
(marks 5)
“Horizontal integration is the acquisition of additional business activities at the same level of value chain and now a days being widely used as a growth strategy”
What can be the situation when horizontal integration is assumed to be effective?
3 MCQS NEW
QUESTION#1
(marks 3)
What are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
QUESTION#2
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an industry
brings effectiveness?
(marks 3)
QUESTION#3
Critically analyze the statement “Internal audit provides more opportunities to the
participant to understand how their jobs , departments and division fit into whole
organization as compare to external audit”
(marks 5)
QUESTION#4
(marks 5)
“Horizontal integration is the acquisition of additional business activities at the same level of value chain and now a days being widely used as a growth strategy”
What can be the situation when horizontal integration is assumed to be effective?
Mgt613 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
1. what are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce 3 marks
2. Vertical integration is degree to which the firm owns its upstream and down stream buyers, what are benefits if firm goes for vertical integration? (3)
3. customer analysis and its significance (5)
4. Two examples of Multinational local firms operating in Pakistan and have initiated backward integration justify ur answer (5)
Another Paper:
total mcqs were 28(all to all mcqs were previous papers........ no one new)
subjective:
2 question were 3 marks
2 question were 5 marks
subjective paper was
why some multinational corporations feel the globalization is not a good option? 5 marks
disadvantage of process layout 3 marks
automation system 3 marks
one was numerical (utilization and) 5 marks
subjective:
2 question were 3 marks
2 question were 5 marks
subjective paper was
why some multinational corporations feel the globalization is not a good option? 5 marks
disadvantage of process layout 3 marks
automation system 3 marks
one was numerical (utilization and) 5 marks
Another Paper:
mgt613 production and operational management
quiz is 32. 28 mcqs.
2 Questions of 3 Marks
and 2 Questions of 5 Marks.
Subjective questions are as follow.
1. Functions of Research and development Department.
2. Best Quality of Jobs.
3. Compute utilization and Facility.
4. In question Mean deviation and confidence are mentioned of two employees are provided and required compare their confidence.
Subjective questions are as follow.
1. Functions of Research and development Department.
2. Best Quality of Jobs.
3. Compute utilization and Facility.
4. In question Mean deviation and confidence are mentioned of two employees are provided and required compare their confidence.
These are the l mcqs that came in my paper
Another Paper:
The management of systems or processes that creates goods and provides services is known as:
►Operation Management
►Operation/production Management
►Operation/Research Management
►Production/Research Management
What would be the productivity if a machine produced 50 units in 3 hours?
►0.066 units per hr
►16.66 units per hr
►6.766 units per hr
►60.66 units per hr
►Operation Management
►Operation/production Management
►Operation/Research Management
►Production/Research Management
What would be the productivity if a machine produced 50 units in 3 hours?
►0.066 units per hr
►16.66 units per hr
►6.766 units per hr
►60.66 units per hr
Which of the following statements describes an order-qualifier characteristic?
►A competitive dimension used to make final decision among competitors
►A factor which directly and significantly contribute to winning business
►A factor which increases the profitability of the organization
►A factor perceived as a minimum standard as a potential for purchase
Which of the following refers the way an organization chooses to produce its good or services?
►Process selection
►Process reengineering
►Process redesign
►Process design
In order to comply with the environmental standards, an organization implement Occupational Safety Hygiene Administration (OSHA) following is a way to accomplish this task?
►Promoting friendly relations among employees
►Installing safety guards and devices to reduce the risk
►Installing machinery to make the process speedy
►Installing machinery that provides cost effective output
Which one of the following decision is NOT made by operations managers?
► How much capacity is required to balance demand?
► What should be the location and layout of a facility?
► How to improve operational efficiency?
► Which market areas to manufacture the products for?
Which one the following formula or function can be used to measure the performance?
► Flexibility + profit+ operations
► Work + profit + value
► Quality + speed + flexibility
► Profit + Incentives + standards
Which one of the following is a limitation of a moving average having a trend?
► The forecast lags behind the actual
► The forecast represents demand more accurately
► The forecast will not be accurate
► The forecast will not be reliable
As a manager, you have defined the purpose of the forecasts. What should be the next step in forecasting process?
► Choose a forecasting technique.
► Determine the purpose of the forecast.
► Set up a time horizon or a time limit.
► Collect and analyze the appropriate data
Organizational strategies relate to which of the following sets of factors?
► Survival, profitability, growth rate and market share
► Profitability, survival, lead times and target market
► Quality, operating resources, growth rate and market share
► Scheduling, profitability, lead times and survival
Within the operations function, which one of the following is a long-term management decision?
► Control decision
► Non-operational decision
► Strategic decision
► Tactical decision
Which of the following is NOT usually considered a general characteristic of a service?
► Production and sales cannot easily be separated functionally
► Many services involve both tangible and intangible outputs
► Production and consumption can always be separated
► Degree of customer contact is high
.
Which one of the following correctly explains the quantitative forecasting technique?
It consists mainly of numerical descriptions and resist subjective inputs of
managers.
It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resist particular numerical descriptions.
It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resisit human factor, personal opinions.
It consists mainly of analyzing objective and hard data and resist human factor,opinion.
Which one of the following is a limitation of a moving average having a trend?
The forecast lags behind the actual
The forecast represents demand more accurately
The forecast will not be accurate
The forecast will not be reliable
Which one of the following statement is TRUE about cost-volume relationship?
It represents the relationship between cost, revenue and volume of output.
It represents the relationship between cost and volume of output.
It represents the relationship between cost and revenue.
It represents the relationship between inputs, cost and volume of output.
What would be the required cycle time for a process that operates 9 hours daily with a
desired output of 300 units per day?
0.03 minutes
1.8 minutes
2700 minutes
291 minutes
I don’t know his mcq answer is 0.03 or 1.8 but I did do the 1.8
Which one of the following operating levels is best with respect to capacity?
The maximum point of the cost curve
The level of capacity for which average unit cost is minimized
The level of capacity for which average unit cost is maximized
The level of capacity for which total cost is minimized
Which one of the following is NOT a business application of forecasting?
Budgeting
Capacity planning
Inventory management
Quality control
Which one of the following involves completing a series of questionnaires each developed from the previous one, to achieve a consensus forecast?
► Consumer surveys
► Executive opinion
► Time series forecast
► Delphi method
Which of the following is a system designed to coordinate all activities and information needed to complete business processes?
► Enterprise resource planning(Correct answer )
► Supply chain management
► New product development
► Customer relationship management
Which of the following factors are considered in product and service design?
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and improvement costs
► Employee motivation, quality, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, flexibility, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and production costs
Which of the following is NOT mark of a good layout in manufacturing?
► Bottleneck operations
► Straight line flow pattern (or adaption)
► Work stations close together
► Open plant floors (high visibility)
Which of the following layouts facilitates the handling of varied processing requirements?
► Product layout
► Process layout
► Fixed-position layout
► Hybrib/Combination layout
that are the whose mcqs that i written on page
These are the totak mcqs that came in my paper
My today paper 12 may 2011
The management of systems or processes that creates goods and provides services is known as:
►Operation Management
►Operation/production Management
►Operation/Research Management
►Production/Research Management
What would be the productivity if a machine produced 50 units in 3 hours?
►0.066 units per hr
►16.66 units per hr
►6.766 units per hr
►60.66 units per hr
These are the totak mcqs that came in my paper
My today paper 12 may 2011
The management of systems or processes that creates goods and provides services is known as:
►Operation Management
►Operation/production Management
►Operation/Research Management
►Production/Research Management
What would be the productivity if a machine produced 50 units in 3 hours?
►0.066 units per hr
►16.66 units per hr
►6.766 units per hr
►60.66 units per hr
Which of the following statements describes an order-qualifier characteristic?
►A competitive dimension used to make final decision among competitors
►A factor which directly and significantly contribute to winning business
►A factor which increases the profitability of the organization
►A factor perceived as a minimum standard as a potential for purchase
►A competitive dimension used to make final decision among competitors
►A factor which directly and significantly contribute to winning business
►A factor which increases the profitability of the organization
►A factor perceived as a minimum standard as a potential for purchase
Which of the following refers the way an organization chooses to produce its good or services?
►Process selection
►Process reengineering
►Process redesign
►Process design
►Process selection
►Process reengineering
►Process redesign
►Process design
In order to comply with the environmental standards, an organization implement Occupational Safety Hygiene Administration (OSHA) following is a way to accomplish this task?
►Promoting friendly relations among employees
►Installing safety guards and devices to reduce the risk
►Installing machinery to make the process speedy
►Installing machinery that provides cost effective output
►Promoting friendly relations among employees
►Installing safety guards and devices to reduce the risk
►Installing machinery to make the process speedy
►Installing machinery that provides cost effective output
Which one of the following decision is NOT made by operations managers?
► How much capacity is required to balance demand?
► What should be the location and layout of a facility?
► How to improve operational efficiency?
► Which market areas to manufacture the products for?
► How much capacity is required to balance demand?
► What should be the location and layout of a facility?
► How to improve operational efficiency?
► Which market areas to manufacture the products for?
Which one the following formula or function can be used to measure the performance?
► Flexibility + profit+ operations
► Work + profit + value
► Quality + speed + flexibility
► Profit + Incentives + standards
► Flexibility + profit+ operations
► Work + profit + value
► Quality + speed + flexibility
► Profit + Incentives + standards
Which one of the following is a limitation of a moving average having a trend?
► The forecast lags behind the actual
► The forecast represents demand more accurately
► The forecast will not be accurate
► The forecast will not be reliable
► The forecast lags behind the actual
► The forecast represents demand more accurately
► The forecast will not be accurate
► The forecast will not be reliable
As a manager, you have defined the purpose of the forecasts. What should be the next step in forecasting process?
► Choose a forecasting technique.
► Determine the purpose of the forecast.
► Set up a time horizon or a time limit.
► Collect and analyze the appropriate data
► Choose a forecasting technique.
► Determine the purpose of the forecast.
► Set up a time horizon or a time limit.
► Collect and analyze the appropriate data
Organizational strategies relate to which of the following sets of factors?
► Survival, profitability, growth rate and market share
► Profitability, survival, lead times and target market
► Quality, operating resources, growth rate and market share
► Scheduling, profitability, lead times and survival
► Survival, profitability, growth rate and market share
► Profitability, survival, lead times and target market
► Quality, operating resources, growth rate and market share
► Scheduling, profitability, lead times and survival
Within the operations function, which one of the following is a long-term management decision?
► Control decision
► Non-operational decision
► Strategic decision
► Tactical decision
Which of the following is NOT usually considered a general characteristic of a service?
► Production and sales cannot easily be separated functionally
► Many services involve both tangible and intangible outputs
► Production and consumption can always be separated
► Degree of customer contact is high
.
Which one of the following correctly explains the quantitative forecasting technique?
► It consists mainly of numerical descriptions and resist subjective inputs of
managers.
► It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resist particular numerical descriptions.
► It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resisit human factor, personal opinions.
► It consists mainly of analyzing objective and hard data and resist human factor, opinion.
► Control decision
► Non-operational decision
► Strategic decision
► Tactical decision
Which of the following is NOT usually considered a general characteristic of a service?
► Production and sales cannot easily be separated functionally
► Many services involve both tangible and intangible outputs
► Production and consumption can always be separated
► Degree of customer contact is high
.
Which one of the following correctly explains the quantitative forecasting technique?
► It consists mainly of numerical descriptions and resist subjective inputs of
managers.
► It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resist particular numerical descriptions.
► It consists mainly of subjective inputs and resisit human factor, personal opinions.
► It consists mainly of analyzing objective and hard data and resist human factor, opinion.
Which one of the following is a limitation of a moving average having a trend?
► The forecast lags behind the actual
► The forecast represents demand more accurately
► The forecast will not be accurate
► The forecast will not be reliable
► The forecast lags behind the actual
► The forecast represents demand more accurately
► The forecast will not be accurate
► The forecast will not be reliable
Which one of the following statement is TRUE about cost-volume relationship?
► It represents the relationship between cost, revenue and volume of output.
► It represents the relationship between cost and volume of output.
► It represents the relationship between cost and revenue.
► It represents the relationship between inputs, cost and volume of output.
► It represents the relationship between cost, revenue and volume of output.
► It represents the relationship between cost and volume of output.
► It represents the relationship between cost and revenue.
► It represents the relationship between inputs, cost and volume of output.
What would be the required cycle time for a process that operates 9 hours daily with a desired output of 300 units per day?
► 0.03 minutes
► 1.8 minutes
► 2700 minutes
► 291 minutes
I don’t know his mcq answer is 0.03 or 1.8 but I did do the 1.8
► 0.03 minutes
► 1.8 minutes
► 2700 minutes
► 291 minutes
I don’t know his mcq answer is 0.03 or 1.8 but I did do the 1.8
Which one of the following operating levels is best with respect to capacity?
► The maximum point of the cost curve
► The level of capacity for which average unit cost is minimized
► The level of capacity for which average unit cost is maximized
► The level of capacity for which total cost is minimized
► The maximum point of the cost curve
► The level of capacity for which average unit cost is minimized
► The level of capacity for which average unit cost is maximized
► The level of capacity for which total cost is minimized
Which one of the following is NOT a business application of forecasting?
► Budgeting
► Capacity planning
► Inventory management
► Quality control
► Budgeting
► Capacity planning
► Inventory management
► Quality control
Which one of the following involves completing a series of questionnaires each developed from the previous one, to achieve a consensus forecast?
► Consumer surveys
► Executive opinion
► Time series forecast
► Delphi method
► Consumer surveys
► Executive opinion
► Time series forecast
► Delphi method
Which of the following is a system designed to coordinate all activities and information needed to complete business processes?
► Enterprise resource planning(Correct answer )
► Supply chain management
► New product development
► Customer relationship management
► Enterprise resource planning(Correct answer )
► Supply chain management
► New product development
► Customer relationship management
Which of the following factors are considered in product and service design?
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and improvement costs
► Employee motivation, quality, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, flexibility, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and production costs
Which of the following is NOT mark of a good layout in manufacturing?
► Bottleneck operations
► Straight line flow pattern
► Work stations close together
► Open plant floors
Which of the following layouts facilitates the handling of varied processing requirements?
► Product layout
► Process layout
► Fixed-position layout
► Hybrid Combination layout
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and improvement costs
► Employee motivation, quality, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, flexibility, and production costs
► Customer satisfaction, quality, and production costs
Which of the following is NOT mark of a good layout in manufacturing?
► Bottleneck operations
► Straight line flow pattern
► Work stations close together
► Open plant floors
Which of the following layouts facilitates the handling of varied processing requirements?
► Product layout
► Process layout
► Fixed-position layout
► Hybrid Combination layout
25 MCQS FROM PAST
3 MCQS NEW
QUESTION#1 (marks 3)
What are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
QUESTION#2 (marks 3)
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an industry brings effectiveness?
QUESTION#3 (marks 5)
Critically analyze the statement “Internal audit provides more opportunities to the participant to understand how their jobs , departments and division fit into whole organization as compare to external audit”
QUESTION#4 (marks 5)
“Horizontal integration is the acquisition of additional business activities at the same level of value chain and nowadays being widely used as a growth strategy”
What can be the situation when horizontal integration is assumed to be effective?
3 MCQS NEW
QUESTION#1 (marks 3)
What are possible decisions taken by operational manager while managing workforce
QUESTION#2 (marks 3)
In your opinion, what can be the circumstances when a Low Cost Producer in an industry brings effectiveness?
QUESTION#3 (marks 5)
Critically analyze the statement “Internal audit provides more opportunities to the participant to understand how their jobs , departments and division fit into whole organization as compare to external audit”
QUESTION#4 (marks 5)
“Horizontal integration is the acquisition of additional business activities at the same level of value chain and nowadays being widely used as a growth strategy”
What can be the situation when horizontal integration is assumed to be effective?
Mkt501 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
1 Many companies try to set a price that will maximize current profit. This strategy assumes that company has knowledge of its:
► Cost and production function
► Revenue and cost function
► Demand and market function
► Demand and cost function
2While considering the place for a product which of the following is important for customer?
► Communication
► Convenience
► Customer cost
► Customer solution
3. Especially for which type of products the marketers should view packaging as a major strategic tool?
► Convenience products
► Consumer shopping products
► Industrial products
► Specialty products
4. In a television advertisement a group of teenagers is searching for some cold drinks to quench their thrust. In their searching they find a shop and they purchase the soft drinks. The selection of cold drink appeals to consumers’ _________ for liquid and attempts to shape consumers’ _________ for the advertised product.
► Needs, preferences
► Wants, needs
► Needs, wants
► Want, preference
5. Which of the following attacks the vulnerable part of a competitor?
Market leader
Market challenger
Market nicher
Market follower
6. Which of the following is TRUE about a product?
The idea that the customer receives in an exchange
The service that is rendered to a customer
The physical object the customer receives in an exchange
Every tangible thing the customer receives in an exchange
7. Highest percentage of ideas for new products originates with/from which of the following sources?
Top management
Competitors
Employees
Customers
8. Which of the following is quick in innovation?
Capital goods
Food items
Industrial goods
IT products
9. Which of the following is an indicator of high quality of the product?
Psychological price
Penetration price
Premium price (P#39)
Low price
10. ABC Company has been selling quality women garments at Rs.2000 to Rs.3000 which is roughly one tenth of their usual selling price. This is an example of:
► Skimming
► Loss leader
► Demand based pricing
► Cost based pricing
11. While writing the marketing plan, the analysis of environmental factors like supply chain, Government and legal etc, comes under which of the following section of marketing plan?
► Macro environment (P#15)
► Market analysis
► Consumer analysis
► Internal environment analysis
12. ___________type of growth refers to concentrating activities on markets and/or products that are familiar:
► Diversification
► Condensive
► Integrative
► Intensive
13. Which of the following has a quick response towards a new product?
► Opinion leaders
► Late majority
► Early majority
► Early adopters
14. Which of the following is NOT a technique of measuring customer satisfaction and monitoring customer’s complaint?
► Customer complaints database
► Web and telephone information hotlines
► Exit interviews
► Business analysiss
Rest all new
Most important decision in COMMERCIALIZATION
WHEN TO LAUNCH THE PRODUCT?
WHERE TO LANCH THE PRODUCT?
TO WHOM TO LAUNCH THE PRODUCT?
HOW TO LAUNCH THE PRODUCT?
3 definition parts of market were giving and last option like (all three definitions were outdated) mn ne last option select kia tha
In which stage of PLC demand increase
Growth
Decline
Introduction
Maturity
Market penetration ce related 3 mcqz the.
Subjective
Difference between white goods and brown goods? 3
Benefits of discount and allowances for the company 3
Why Packaging and labeling decision are important for company 5
Why marketers charge Market premium. 5.
Mkt621 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
1. Evaluate the advantages & disadvantages of billboards
as advertisement mode.(marks=5)
2.You have rendered the services of an advertising
agency for research purposes. (marks=5)
3.What kind of research objectives about your product
and company you will discuss with agency before
conducting the research? (marks=3)
4.If you are a copywriter in an advertising agency,
what will be your task as a copywriter in the agency?
(marks=3)
5. management and organizational arenas, the
In
terms "top down" and "bottom up" are used to indicate
how decisions are made. How allocation of advertising
budget is affected by those decisions? (marks=3)
MCQ's are following
1. Which of the following strategies is followed by a
company when it lunches a new product in existing
market?
2. Liana advertising agency (LAA) handles all aspects
of the advertising process including planning,
design, production, and placement services to its
client “Xing Construction Company of China”. LLA is a
3. Which approach can be used for positioning strategy?
4. Which one of the following puts different pieces of
information together in a creative process?
5. Which one of the following methods can be used to
determine the advertising budget?
6. Which one of the following is called the activity based
and objective oriented approach of budgeting?
7. Which one of the following is NOT included in critical
decisions about advertising research?
8. Which one of the following is NOT included in critical
decisions about advertising research?
9. At which stage in an advertising research, the
actual behavior of the customer towards a particular
advertising campaign is assessed. Which one of the
following methods is used for pre-testing of a TV and
Radio advertisement?
ROPE strategy is one of the old problem-solving techniques
and it was proposed by: Which of the following are the basic
modes for advertising scheduling?
11. Which one of the following tools is used to
decide 'Advertising Reach'?
12. Which one of the following tools is NOT used to
decide 'Advertising Reach'?
13. Which section of an advertisement copy provides
information about the company's office address?
14. Following are the major benefits of advertising
towards society EXCEPT:
15. All of the following are codes of ethics in
advertising, EXCEPT:
16. For marketers, geographic classification
essentially based on an assumption that:
17. All of the following are the limitations of TV as an
advertising medium EXCEPT:
All of the following are the disadvantages of advertising in a
newspaper EXCEPT:
18. Advertising is a most important ingredient of promotion
mix that is:
Paid form of personal communication
Paid form of non personal communication
Non paid form of personal communication
Non paid form of non personal communication
19. With which of the following, the concept
of 'Intermediaries' is most closely associated?
Directory Advertising
Directory Advertising
All of the given options
Another option missed
as advertisement mode.(marks=5)
2.You have rendered the services of an advertising
agency for research purposes. (marks=5)
3.What kind of research objectives about your product
and company you will discuss with agency before
conducting the research? (marks=3)
4.If you are a copywriter in an advertising agency,
what will be your task as a copywriter in the agency?
(marks=3)
5. management and organizational arenas, the
In
terms "top down" and "bottom up" are used to indicate
how decisions are made. How allocation of advertising
budget is affected by those decisions? (marks=3)
MCQ's are following
1. Which of the following strategies is followed by a
company when it lunches a new product in existing
market?
2. Liana advertising agency (LAA) handles all aspects
of the advertising process including planning,
design, production, and placement services to its
client “Xing Construction Company of China”. LLA is a
3. Which approach can be used for positioning strategy?
4. Which one of the following puts different pieces of
information together in a creative process?
5. Which one of the following methods can be used to
determine the advertising budget?
6. Which one of the following is called the activity based
and objective oriented approach of budgeting?
7. Which one of the following is NOT included in critical
decisions about advertising research?
8. Which one of the following is NOT included in critical
decisions about advertising research?
9. At which stage in an advertising research, the
actual behavior of the customer towards a particular
advertising campaign is assessed. Which one of the
following methods is used for pre-testing of a TV and
Radio advertisement?
ROPE strategy is one of the old problem-solving techniques
and it was proposed by: Which of the following are the basic
modes for advertising scheduling?
11. Which one of the following tools is used to
decide 'Advertising Reach'?
12. Which one of the following tools is NOT used to
decide 'Advertising Reach'?
13. Which section of an advertisement copy provides
information about the company's office address?
14. Following are the major benefits of advertising
towards society EXCEPT:
15. All of the following are codes of ethics in
advertising, EXCEPT:
16. For marketers, geographic classification
essentially based on an assumption that:
17. All of the following are the limitations of TV as an
advertising medium EXCEPT:
All of the following are the disadvantages of advertising in a
newspaper EXCEPT:
18. Advertising is a most important ingredient of promotion
mix that is:
Paid form of personal communication
Paid form of non personal communication
Non paid form of personal communication
Non paid form of non personal communication
19. With which of the following, the concept
of 'Intermediaries' is most closely associated?
Directory Advertising
Directory Advertising
All of the given options
Another option missed
PSY101 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
PSY101 MIDTERM PAPER SUBJECTIVE 2011
*Total questions = 27*
*Total mcq's = 22*
*Short Questions = 3 (3 marks)*
- *how humanistic approach is different from psycho dynamic approach?*
- *compare intimate and observation*
- *how mr. sharif got deafness, he is working in a factory*
*Long questions = 2 (5 marks)*
- *Name the 3 membranes that separates the brain and define what is CSF?*
- *James bond is a famous personality, what should be the more
characteristics in him which attract the people. *
*Total questions = 27*
*Total mcq's = 22*
*Short Questions = 3 (3 marks)*
- *how humanistic approach is different from psycho dynamic approach?*
- *compare intimate and observation*
- *how mr. sharif got deafness, he is working in a factory*
*Long questions = 2 (5 marks)*
- *Name the 3 membranes that separates the brain and define what is CSF?*
- *James bond is a famous personality, what should be the more
characteristics in him which attract the people. *
CS201 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2011
CS201- Introduction to Programming
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Initialization of variable at the time of definition is,
► Must
► Necessary
► Good Programming
► None of the given options
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Preprocessor program perform its function before ______ phase takes place.
► Editing
► Linking
► Compiling
► Loading
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If there are 2(n+1) elements in an array then what would be the number of iterations required to search a number using binary search algorithm? ► n elements
► (n+1) elements
► 2(n+1) elements
► 2(n+1) elements
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following operator is used to access the value of variable pointed to by a pointer? ► * operator
► -> operator
► && operator
► & operator
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Analysis is the -------------- step in designing a program ► Last
► Middle
► Post Design
► First
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one_______________
When a pointer is incremented, it actually jumps the number of memory addresses
►According to data type (Pg 160)
►1 byte exactly
►1 bit exactly
►A pointer variable can not be incremented
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one_____________
Call by reference mechanism should be used in a program when there is
i. large amount of data to be passed
ii. small amount of data to be passed
iii. need to change the passed data
iv. no need to change the passed data
Choose the appropriate option for the above case.
► (i) and (ii) only
►(i) and (iii) only
►(ii) and (iii) only
►(ii) and (iv) only
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one_____________
If an array has 100 elements, what is allowable range of subscripts?
(a) 0 - 99
(b) 1 - 99
(c) 0 - 100
(d) 1 - 100
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one_____________
Initialization of variable at the time of definition is,
Must
Necessary
Good Programming
None of the given options
Question No: ( Marks: 2 )
A two-dimensional array has 3 rows and 4 columns. Write down the syntax to initialize first element of all three rows of two-dimensional array with value 2.Ans:
int matrix[0][0]=2
int matrix[1][0]=2
int matrix[2][0]=2
Question No: ( Marks: 2 ) - Please choose one_____________
Explain smart pointer Question No: ( Marks: 2 )
which standard library we use in programming to read , write files Question No: ( Marks: 3 )
Identify the errors in the following code segment and give the reason of errors.
main(){
int x = 10
const int *ptr = &x ;
*ptr = 5 ;
}
Ans:
Int x=10….No ending semicolon.
*ptr=5 .. Declaring a pointer to constant integer.You can not use this pointer to change the value being pointed to.
Question No: ( Marks: 3 )
Can you use an assignment operator to assign the value of one C-string to another?Ans: Yes, we use assignment operator,whenever we use objects that allocate memory it is important that assignment operator should be defined for it,otherwise default operator will copy the value of addressed and pointers.
Question No: ( Marks: 5 ) - Please choose one_____________
Write difference between Random access and Sequential access fileCS507 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Q1: Structured and unstructured problems in decision making?(2)
Q2:In System Development, What are the needs and procedure for an
organization, with example explain it.?(5)
Q3:Types of Organizational Structure?(3)
Q4:What leads to scope creep....also tell the name of the model?(3)
Q5:How quality can be maintained in Education distance library?(2)
Q6:IN Manufacturing Information System of manufacturing, What factors
should be considered?(2)
Q2:In System Development, What are the needs and procedure for an
organization, with example explain it.?(5)
Q3:Types of Organizational Structure?(3)
Q4:What leads to scope creep....also tell the name of the model?(3)
Q5:How quality can be maintained in Education distance library?(2)
Q6:IN Manufacturing Information System of manufacturing, What factors
should be considered?(2)
MCM311 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Total 27 questions 22 mcq’s
1. What do you know about Reuters?
2. Define Follow-up story? What are its basic ingredients?
3. Briefly explain the responsibility of a political reporter?
4. Mention any three crimes which under the classification of crime under the property?
MCM515 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
MCM515 - Radio News Reporting & Production
Total 27 question 22 Mcq’s n 5 subjective questions mcq’s are difficult but subjective question was so easy.
1. What is radio reporter ammunition
2. Discus about investigative interview in details?
3. Who is reporter? Discus about the responsibilities of reporters?
4. Define the accuracy elements of news?
5. What are the essential requirements (on the behalf of reporter) for covering religion related news item?
Eng301 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
10 MCQ's
simple thay.
two questions ( 2+2 )
two questions ( 3+3 )
three questions ( 5+5+5 )
What is Voice Mail ? (2)
What is Buffer in an effective business communication ? (3)
Write a note on Consideration. (5)
Note on Cultural variables in Pakistan. (5)
Write only the body of letter to your customers to announce a new branch of your company recently opened in their city. (5)
simple thay.
two questions ( 2+2 )
two questions ( 3+3 )
three questions ( 5+5+5 )
What is Voice Mail ? (2)
What is Buffer in an effective business communication ? (3)
Write a note on Consideration. (5)
Note on Cultural variables in Pakistan. (5)
Write only the body of letter to your customers to announce a new branch of your company recently opened in their city. (5)
Mgt211 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
28 MCQZ all were easy.....expect 2, 3
long quiz were 4
1.define mission statement (3 marks)
2.which need levels are being fulfilled by the organization who offer motivators to keep their employee motivating (3marks)
3.Discribe how equity theory explain employee motivation (5marks)
4.How do legal and political differences create barriers to international trade (5marks)
long quiz were 4
1.define mission statement (3 marks)
2.which need levels are being fulfilled by the organization who offer motivators to keep their employee motivating (3marks)
3.Discribe how equity theory explain employee motivation (5marks)
4.How do legal and political differences create barriers to international trade (5marks)
Mgt602 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
Entrepreneurship mgt 602
Total 32 question
28 question objective type
80% from previous papers
01 Question of 02 marks
What is copyrights and its limitation.(2)
One question of 03 marks
What are the important issues that an entrepreneurship takes in mind before entering international marketing? (03 marks)
Two question of 05 marks
What is problem inventory analysis and………………. (05)
Total 32 question
28 question objective type
80% from previous papers
01 Question of 02 marks
What is copyrights and its limitation.(2)
One question of 03 marks
What are the important issues that an entrepreneurship takes in mind before entering international marketing? (03 marks)
Two question of 05 marks
What is problem inventory analysis and………………. (05)
What is Creative problem solving method for obtaining new ideas focusing on the parameters? (05)
Mgt603 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
28 mcq's
What are the activities of the strategic evaluation stage? ( 3 Marks )
Explain prospective strategy. give example from local or multinational organized firm in Pakistan. ( 3 Marks )
What is customer analysis? What is its significance? ( 5 Marks )
What is intensive strategy? Give two examples. ( 5 Marks )
STA301 VU Midterm Current Paper (May 2011)
All MCQs were from past papers & quizzes, others are numerical questions and also have two definition.
1: what is average and explain it briefly
2: what is the coefficient of ditribution
3: define random experiment
1: what is average and explain it briefly
2: what is the coefficient of ditribution
3: define random experiment
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